Letterer
From Superhero Wiki Encyclopedia
 Home Books Clothing DVDs Posters Toys Video Games |
Boards Comic Book News Comic Conventions Search this Wiki |
Gallery Features Link to us Online Comic Books |
Resources Store Superhero Wiki Wallpaper |
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story title lettering and other special captions and credits that usually appear on a story's first page. The letterer also writes the letters in the word balloons and draws in sound effects. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles.
Origins
By the time comic books came of age in the 1940s, the huge volume of work demanded by publishers had encouraged an assembly-line process, dividing the creative process into distinct tasks: writer, penciller, letterer, inker, and colorist. By the late 1940s, it became possible to make a living just lettering comic strips and comic books for artists, studios, and companies that didn't have the time or desire to do it in-house. The career of freelance letterer was born, and by the 1950s, letterers such as Gaspar Saladino, Sam Rosen, and Ben Oda were crafting full-time careers as letterers for DC Comics, Marvel Comics, and King Features.
Tools
The traditional comics book letterer needs little more than a lettering guide, a pen or brush, India ink, and white paint for corrections.
[edit] Computer lettering
While many comics (especially alternative and underground comics) are still hand-lettered, most Marvel and DC books are now lettered using a graphics program such as Adobe Illustrator or Adobe PhotoShop, and a font that resembles hand lettering. Computer lettering provides a lot of technical shortcuts, especially by combining the lettering work directly with digital art files, eliminating the tedious physical paste-up stage altogether. Many cartoonists who formerly lettered by hand now use a computer font made to match their handwriting.
Letterer Chris Eliopoulos designed the fonts for Marvel's in-house lettering unit, and Ken Lopez did the same at DC.
Critics of computer lettering feel that it lacks the freshness, roughness, and variety of letterforms made up on the spot. There are also still comics artists and inkers who prefer to have the lettering directly on their pages. First, it saves drawing time (not having to draw where a big caption will be); and second, comics tell a story, and a page of comics art without the lettering is only half the story. For these reasons, there are still some hand-lettering holdouts, such as John Workman, but they're dwindling fast against the rising tide of digital convenience.
History of computer lettering
The evolution of desktop publishing powered by computers, especially those made by Apple, began in the 1980s, and started having a gradual impact on comics lettering soon after. One of the first users of computer-generated lettering was writer/artist John Byrne, who made fonts from existing lettering. Unfortunately, Byrne made the mistake of using existing lettering by other people (such as artist Dave Gibbons) without always getting their permission first. Another early user of computer lettering was David Cody Weiss.
Computer lettering really started making an impact with the availability of the first commercial comic book font, "Whizbang" (created by Studio Daedalus) around 1990. (Whizbang is still available, though for a time it was so prevalent that readers complained about many books having the same look.)
In the early 1990s letterer Richard Starkings and his partner John Gaushell began created comic book fonts and started Comicraft, which has since become the major source of comics fonts (though they have competition from others such as Blambot). Starkings was the first to not only promote his fonts by lettering with them himself, but also selling fonts commercially on his company's website.
At first computer lettering was printed out and pasted onto the comics artwork, but after a few years, as comics coloring moved into desktop publishing, digital lettering files began to be used in a more effective way by combining them directly with digital art files, eliminating the physical paste-up stage altogether. Wildstorm Comics was ahead of the curve, Marvel came around a few years later, and DC held to traditional production methods the longest, but now nearly all lettering is digitally applied.Then, in the early years of the 21st Century, the mainstream American comics companies moved almost exclusively to in-house computer lettering, effectively ending the era of the freelance letterer.